both… and… 　　　　　　　 ……和……都

　 give up 　　　　　　　　　　 放弃

　 ever since 　　　　　　　　　从那时起；此后一直

　 so far　　　　　　　　　　　 到目前为止

　 come true 　　　　　　　　　 实现

　 step into 　　　　　　　　　 进入

　 slow down 　　　　　　　　　 减缓；减速

　 be proud of 　　　　　　　　 以……自豪（高兴）

　 speak highly of 　　　　　　 称赞

　 not only …but also 　　　　 … 不仅……而且

2.交际用语和句型

　 交际用语

　 曾经去过……和已经去……了

　 - Have you ever been to Cape Town? 你去过开普敦吗？ （曾经去过）

　 - No，never. 不，从来没有去过。

　 - Have you ever been to Beijing？你去过北京吗？（曾经去过）

　 - Yes，several times.是的，去过几次。

　 - Where are your parents？你父母呢？

　 - They have gone to work.他们去上班了。（已经去了）

　 - Where is Li Ping？李平在哪？

　 - He has gone to the library. 他去图书馆了。（已经去了）

　 句型

　 a. What's … like? ……什么样？

　 b. I don't know how to do sth. 我不知道怎样做……

　 c. Don't be afraid. 别担心。

　 d. not only, but also不但，而且

　 e. one of the + 形容词最高级 最……的之一

　 f. it's too hard for sb. ……对于……来说太难了

3.语法

　 The Present Perfect Tense （二）

　 现在完成时（二）

　 常与already，just，yet等连用

　 I` ve already finished it. 我已经完成这项工作了。

　 She has just finished it. 她刚刚完成这项工作。

　 They haven` t finished it yet. 他们还没有完成这项工作。

1.surf-board n. 　　　　　　　      （冲浪运动用的）冲浪板

2.surfboat n.　　　　　　　　　     (牢固，具有高度浮力的) 破浪艇

3.The waves rolled. 　　　　　      波涛滚滚（向前）

4.a wave of anger 　　　　　　      一阵愤怒

5.make waves　　　　　　　　        兴风作浪

6.wave farewell 　　　　　　　      挥手告别

7.a cold wave 　　　　　　　　      寒潮

a hot wave 　　　　　　　　　　     热潮

8.think twice 　　　　　　　　　    重新考虑

9.a twice tale 　　　　　　　　     陈旧的故事

10.ski-boat 　　　　　　　　　　    滑雪靴

11.canoe n.　　　　　　　　　　     独木舟

12.Paddle one` s owe canoe 　       专靠自己，独立进行

13.description n.    描述

beyond description 　　　　　　     难以形容

14.fall (down) in a fit 　　　　　  昏到

15.gymnastics 　　　　　　　　      体操；体育

16.boxing n. 　　　　　　　　　     拳击

17.weighty lifting 　　　　　　　   举重

18.mountaineering n. 　　　　　     登山

19.baseball n. 　　　　　　　　　   棒球运动；棒球

20.ice hockey 　　　　　　　　　    冰球

21.fencing 　　　　　　　　　　     击剑（术）

1.课文讲解

　（1）How long have you been here in Sydney？你来悉尼多长时间？

　　　 been 是be 的过去分词，常可以代替gone, come, arrived等.

　　　 例如：

　　　 医生还没有来。

　　　 The doctor hasn't been back yet.

　　　 The doctor has not yet arrived.

　　　 区别是当与段时间连用时，用been 代替瞬间动词。如：

　　　 He has been in Beijing for a week. 他在北京呆了一个星期了。

　　　 He has been back for a year. 他回来已有一年了。

　（2）…, but I don't know how to surf. 但我不知道怎样冲浪。

　　　 how to surf是动词不定式短语作宾语, 如:

　　　 She didn' t know how to say. 她没能告诉我如何说。

　　　 Do you know when to start? 你知道什么时候出发吗？

　　　 I'll show you how to do it.我会示范给你看如何做。

　　　 She didn't tell me what to do. 她没有告诉我做什么。

　　　 The teacher showed us how to spell it. 老师做给我们看怎样拼写。

　（3）Now it is enjoyed by people all over the world. 现在它让世界各地的人们都享受着旅游

　　　 的快乐。

　　　 enjoy oneself 过得快乐，感到乐趣；

　　　 enjoy doing

　　　 I enjoyed the film. 我很喜欢这部电影。

　　　 I always enjoy going to the cinema. 我对看电影总是兴致勃勃。

　（4）Hawaii is famous for it's beautiful beaches. 夏威夷以美丽的海滩著名。

　　　 famous 和well-known 相似。

　　　 be famous for 以……著名

　　　 France is famous for its fine food and wine. 法国以其佳肴和美酒著名。

　　　 Jinzhou is famous for its apples. 锦州以产苹果而著名。

　(5)　Every year, water sports, especially swimming and surfing, attract large numbers

　　　 of tourists to the islands. 　　　

　　　 每年水上运动，特别是游泳和冲浪吸引大量的旅游者来岛上。

　　　 a number of 和the number of

　　　 a number of 表示"许多"相当于many，修饰可数名词的复数，谓语用复数。

　　　 A large number of students have read the book. 许多学生读过这本书。

　　　 A small number of people have interest in the play. 对这部戏剧感兴趣的人不多。

　　　 the number of 是"……数量"的意思，修饰可数名词，主语是number，谓语用单数。

　　　 The number of students in our school is rising. 我们学校学生的人数在增加。

　　　 The number of pages in this book is two hundred. 这本书的页数是二百页。

　(6) Although I haven' t got a very good job, surfing makes me very fit.

　　　 虽然我没有得到一份满意的工作，但冲浪非常适合我。

　　　 在英语中主从复合句只能用一个连词，如用although/SPAN>，就不用but；用because 就不用so。例如:

　　　 Although my room is small it is comfortable. 我的房间虽小，却很舒适。

　　　 My room is very comfortable even although it is small. 我的房间尽管很小，但很舒适。

　　　 = My room is small, but it is comfortable.

　　　 我们还可以这样说：

　　　 Although she drove very fast to the airport she missed the plane.

　　　 虽然她飞快驱车前往机场，却没赶上飞机。

　　　 = She drove very fast to the airport, but she missed the plane.

　　　 她飞快地驱车前往机场，但是她没赶上飞机。

　　　 区别：她得在家照料她母亲，因为她病了。

　　　 She had to stay at home to look after her mother because she was ill.

　　　 = Her mother was ill, so she had to stay home to look after her.

　（7）It` s such great fun. 真是趣味横生。

　　　 such作为形容词，意思是"如此的"，"这样的"；such常和as连用表示一种类别。

　　　 such和that连用，是表示结果的状语从句，"如此……以致于"，而so 1 that引出的也是结果

　　　 状语从句，

　　　 其中such是形容词，而so是副词。试比较：

　　　 Don` t talk with such a man as he. 不要和他这种人说话。

　　　 It was such a hot day that we all had to stay home. 这么热的天，我们只好呆在屋

　　　 里。

　　　 It was so hot that nobody can stay home. 天太热了，以致于没有人能呆在屋里。

　　　 such用在不定冠词的前面。例如：

　　　 She told us such funny stories that we all laughed. 她给我们讲了那么些有趣的故事，

　　　 我们全都笑了。

　　　 Don` t be such a fool! 别当大傻瓜！

　(8)　They were very proud of their son. 他们为他们的儿子而感到非常自豪。

　　　 be proud of 为……自豪

　　　 Tom is very proud of his new car. 汤姆为他的新汽车感到非常自豪。

　　　 Our football team feels proud that it has won this match this year.

　　　 我们的足球队因为今年这场比赛获胜而感到自豪。

　(9) 　He is not only the pride of our school, but also the pride of all the people in

　　　 Hainan.

　　　 他不仅是我们学校的骄傲，而且是海南人民的骄傲。

　　　 not only 1 but also 不仅……而且； 既……又……

　　　 该词组连接相同语法功能的词，短语或从句等，连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数须与

　　　 but also 后的主语保持一致。例如：

　　　 Not only you but also she has to stay here. 不只是你，她也必须留下。

　　　 He not only writes plays, but also acts in them.

　　　 他不仅自编剧本，而且还饰演其中的角色。

　　　 Not only Jim but also you come along. 不只是吉姆，你也一起来。

2. 语法讲解

　　The Present Perfect Tense

　　现在完成时（二）

　　表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

　　（1）常与already，just和yet等连用。例如：

　　I've already read the story. 我已经读过这个故事。

　　She has just come back. 她刚刚回来。

　　We haven` t returned this book yet. 我们还没有还这本书呢。

　　(2)也可以和ever（曾经）和never（从来没有）连用。例如：

　　Have you ever seen this film? 你曾经看过这部电影吗？

　　I have never heard of it. 我从来没听说过这件事。

　　(3) 表示曾去过某处have / has been

　　 的用法以及它们在疑问句、否定句中与ever、never连用。例如：

　　We have been to Qingdao . 我们去过青岛。

　　She has been to Sanya. 她去过三亚。

　　Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你去过长城吗？

　　Has your father been to the Summer Palace? 你爸爸去过颐和园吗？

　　We have never been to the Beihai Park. 我们从来没有去过北海公园。

　　He has never been to Dalian. 他从来没有去过大连。

　　表示某人去某处（还没有回来）用have / has gone，例如：

　　Who has gone to Beijing? 谁去了北京？

　　His father has gone to Guangzhou. 他爸爸去了广州了。

　　Her mother has gone to Hawaii. 她妈妈去了夏威夷了。

A

　　Track and field is made up of walking, jumping and other sport technical ability. Most of its items are for the individual. Track and field is always held in the main stadium both in ancient and modern times for the Olympic Games and other important sports meetings.

　　"'Track" means the track events, competed by race walking and all other kinds of races. "Field" means the wide sports ground which surrounded by the tracks, competed by jumping, throwing and so on.

　　Track and field has a long history. It can trace to the beginning of the 20th century in China, and it has developed rapidly since the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949. Now it has its important position in outdoor, sporting and school activities.

1. Track and field 　　　　　　　　　　　 田径运动

2. technical adj. 　　　　　　　　　　　　技能的

3. individual n. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　个人；个体

4. trace v. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　追溯

5. develop v. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　发展

6. the People` s Republic of China 　　　中华人民共和国

B

　　　　　　　　　　　　　How did the Olympic Games get started?

　　The Olympic Games were primarily a part of a religious festival in honor of Zeus, the father of the Greek gods and goddesses. The festival and the games were held in Olympia, a rural sanctuary site in the western Peloponnesos.

　　The Greeks that came to the Sanctuary of Zeus at Olympia shared the same religious beliefs and spoke the same language. The athletes were all male citizens of the city-states from every corner of the Greek world, coming from as far away as Iberia (Spain) in the west and the Black Sea (Turkey) in the east.

　　The sanctuary was named after Mt. Olympos, the highest mountain in mainland Greece. In Greek fairy tales, Mt. Olympos was the home of the greatest of the Greek gods and goddesses.

　　From 776 BC, the Games were held in Olympia every four years for almost 12 centuries.

　　Additional athletic events were gradually added until, by the 5th century BC, the religious festival consisted of a five-day program. The athletic events included three foot races, and dolichos as well as the pentathlon, etc.

1． 注解

　　(1) Zeus 　　　　　　宙斯，希腊神话里地位最高的神

　　(2) rural adj. 　　　　乡下的，农村的

　　(3) sanctuary n. 　　圣地，避难所

　　(4) site n. 　　　　　 地点

　　(5) Peloponnesos 　　伯罗奔尼撒半岛，希腊南部的著名半岛

　 （6） pentathlon 　　 五项全能运动

2． 赏析

　　这篇文章介绍了奥运会的起源，语言平实，内容生动有趣。

3． 思考题

　　(1) Do you think the modern Olympic games play the same role in people's life as the

　　　　ancient one? Why?

　　(2) Do you think modern Olympic games can really encourage people exercising? Why?

　　生命在于运动。运动对每个人来讲都是非常重要的。由于每个人所处的地理位置不同、各地天气的类型的差异，以及个人的身体及爱好的缘故，每个人所喜欢的运动各有千秋，但最终的目的都是强身健体。请就赛龙舟（Dragon boat race）写一篇作文。

[思路讲解]

　　运动题目的作文要写出运动的名称以及来历, 对运动的组织形式、参赛人数、比赛规则、注意事项等做一些说明和交代。运动的益处应当有所体现，还要尽可能地抒发个人的思想感情。

[范例点评]

　　In China, we have got a traditional water sport called Dragon boat race. It has a history of more than 2000 years. During the Warring States period, in Chu there was a man with the name Qu Yuan, who was also a patriotic poet. He was very clever and thought about a lot of good ways of uniting other kindoms against Qin. But the king of Chu did not take his good ideas, instead, he took the wrong thought of some bad people and sent Qu Yuan away from its capital. Later Chu was beaten by the great Qin and Qu Yuan did not want to be an official of Qin and he threw himself into Miluo River. He was beloved by the Chu people and many people threw Zongzi into the river as food for fish to protect his body. On the death day of Qu Yuan, people held dragon boat race to remember him and this sport has lasted till now.

　　Often dragon boat race is held on rivers between two units or among three or more than three unis. Each team has a boat with the decoration of dragon (the name comes after it). There are the same people on each boat and the one that first passes the finishing line is the winner, of course, they will be greeted and congratulated as heroes. There is a person in the front of the boat. He shouts a slogan to keep the rowers to give out strength at the same time to let the boat move forward as fast as it can, and also a person in the back who heavily beats the drum to encourage the rowers to try their best to boat. The banks are crowded by large number of people. They watch, shout and pray for their teams and hope they will win the game. That's great. It is very exciting.

　　Once I went to visit my friend in the south in time for the dragon boat race. He was one of the twenty people on the team. They dressed up in traditional Chinese colourful clothes and they worked together very well. From the beginning to the end they kept the first place all the time and they beat all the other teams and won the race. I shouted "Hooray" and said "Congratulations" to him and his team.

　　I like sports, I enjoy boating and I dream to have a dragon boat race. I think I will try my best and of course I hope I could be a winner.

　　此篇文章条理清晰、语言流畅、内容充实，不仅把整个的历史背景作了良好的交代，而且还举出了实例加以说明。